Lecturcrcrs:           G.D. Mudimu and E. Ckuvcva

 Office:                TBA
 Office Hours:          TBA

This course is intended to provide an introduction to both theoretical and practical applications of economics to natural resource utilization. The theory will be illustrated with examples that demonstrate the applicability of economics to real natural resource problems.  The readings would contain the theoretical basis for the discussion of natural resource and environmental problems.  Much of the class discussion will apply the theory to current issues and problems. The reading list provided contains required readings as well as suggested readings for students interested in extended work in the area.
                                                                                                                            Objectives
1. Develop an economic approach to problem solving in renewable resource and environmental
    management
2. Examine models of renewable/non-renewable use as derived from dynamic economic
    theory
3. Develop a theoretical understanding of the principles of benefit cost analysis and welfare
    economics
4. Examine approaches to the valuation of nonmarket benefits including the valuation of changes in
    environmental quality
5. Explore renewable resource policy
6. Gencrate awareness of resource and environmental issues currently being debated

      Grading of the course will be:
            Test                               10
            Term paper                    10
            Intrasscsional Exam        10
            Final Exam                    70%

Thc test will examine on all material covered during the first term.  Thc term paper is an investigation into part of the literature chosen by  the student.  It should be an attempt to synthesis or extend the literature in the references. Examinations swill be a combination of essay and problem solving questions.  Finally, students will be organized into groups and each group will have responsibility of "interviewing" the invited presenters for each specific of the specific
policy areas listed at the end of the outline. These groups will also be responsible for developing a written assessment of the particular policy issue.

TOPIC OUTLINE

Theory
1: Introduction. Definitions. Objectives
    Scope of natural resource economics
      Economics and the natural environment
      Resource Classification
      Population and resource needs

2: Resource allocation and use over time
      Resource scarcity and measures of scarcity
      Resource markets and economic rent
      Time preferences
      Temporal resource allocation
      Optimal depiction rates of exhaustible and renewable resources
      Resource conservation
3: Welfare Economics and Public Policy Issues
         Pareto optimality
         Compensation principle
         Welfare analysis of simple market distortion
         Measures of welfare (EV. CV. CS)
         Social and Environmental Issues
         Theory of second best
         Market fails and externalitics
         Public goods
         Theory of clubs
         BCA/EIA
         Social Economic Impact Analysis

4: Resource Valuation Techniques
         Concept of total value
         Direct valuation
         Indirect valuation

5: Property Institutions and Resource Use
         Property rights: definitions and characteristics
         Externalitics
         Problems
         Coarse Theorem

6: Sustainability
         Definition and meaning
         Philosophy

7: Natural Resource and Environmental Policy

Goals
         values, social and environmental justice
         theories of social justice
         theories of environmental justice
         Efficiency. distribution and sustainability

Political economy of Natural Resource/Environmental policy
         Economic Models
         Rational Policy Models
         Public Choice Theory
         Rent seeking. interest groups (stakcholders). lobbying

Jurisdictional Issues

Policy evaluation

8. Environmental and Sustainability Problems in Zimbabwe
         Overgrazing
         Soil erosion
         Deforestation
         Species extinction
         Pollution
         Landscape changes

REFERENCES

Adamowicz W.L.  l991.  Valuation of Environmental Amenities  Staff Paper 91-06,  Dept. of Rural
    Economy, University of Alberta (R)
Adger, Niel W, and Solomon Chigume.l992. "Methodologies and Institutions in Zimbabwe's Evolving
    Environmental Assessment Framework", Third World Planning Review.14(3)(R)
Bradley, P.N. and k. McNamara (cds).1993. Living with trees: Policies for Forestry Management in
    Zimbabwe: 227-241. The World Bank. Washington D.C.
Campbell, B: Vermeulen.  S.J. and T. Lynam. l991. Value of Trees in the Small-Scarc Farming Sector of
    Zimbabwe, IDRC
Freeman, A.M. 1979. The Benefits of Environmental Improvement. John Hopkins University Press.
    Baltimore (R)
Harwick, John. M. and Nancy Olewiler. 1986. The Economics of Natural Resource Use. New York:
    Harper & Roker.
Internatioaal Commission for Environmental Assessment. 1990. Preliminary EIA for the proposed Osborne Darn and Odzi Pager Mill. Zimbabwe. ICEA Report No. 3. Ulretch
Just. R.E., D. Hueth and A. Schmitz.1982. Welfare Economics and Public Policy. Englewood Cliffs.
    N.J. Prentice Hall.
MitchelL R.C. and Carson, R.T. 1989. Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. John Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future. Baltimore: (R)
Muir, Kay. 1991. Economic Policy and Wildlife Management in Zimbabwe. paper prepared for AFTEN.
    World Bank.
Muir, Kay. 1991. "State Forestry Organizations and Forest Policy in Africa". Working Paper AEE 2/91.
    Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe. Hararc.
Muir, Kay. 1989. "The Potential Role of Indigenous Resources in the Economic Development of Arid
    Environments in Sub-Saharan Africa: Thc Case of Wildlife Utilization in Zimbabwe". Society and
    Natural Resources.2(4): 307-318.
Pearce,  David W. Edward Barbicr and Anil Markandya.1990. Sustainable Development: Economics and
    the Environment in the Third World. Londoa: Earthscan.
Pearce, David W. and R. Kerry Turner .1991. Economics of Natural Reources and the Environment.
    Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press
Randall, Alan. 1987. Resource Economics. New York: John Wiley 8: Son
    Shyamsundarp and R.A. Kramer. 1993. "Docs  Contingent  Valuation  Work in  Non-market
    Economics?".  Center for Resource and Environmental Policy Research, Duke Univcrsih. Durham.
    N.C Tietenburg. T.H. 1993. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. New York: Norton
Wathern, P.(ed).1988. Environmental impact assessment theory an practice. Unwin Human: London
    World Commission on Environment and Development.1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University
    Press, Chord.