Disciplines                                Lecture hours               Weeks
Spray application technology                 3                                   1
Pesticide Science                                 6                                   2
Applied Entomology                           15                                   5
Pathology                                          15                                   5

1.    SPRAY APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY
       Appliction equipment, Nozzle types, Spray characteristics and droplet behaviour

2.    PESTICIDE SCIENCE
       Formulation, Legislation and registration procedures, Safety,   Toxicity, Residue y, Overview of
       groups of fungicides and insecticides

3.    INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
       Definitions, Concepts of IPM, Action thresholds, Damage & crop loss relationships, Pest
       monitoring, Pest resurgence, Resistance

4.    TACTICS OF INSECT CONTROL
       Cropping and cultivation methods (cultural COIltIol)
       Biological methods
       Biotechnological methods: Microbial pesticides, attractants and repellants, Growth regulators,
       Genetic engineering
       Host-plant Resistance
       Chemical control
       Legislative control

5.    HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
       Infection and colonisation processes, Population build-up, Disease progress, Disease
       spread Host-pathogen compatibility

6.    DISTRIBUTION AND SURVIVAL QF PLANT PATHOGENS
       Infected crop residues -- spore dispersal
       Infected and contaminated planting material
       Soil borne inoculum
       Role of insects

7.    DISEASE CONTROL
       Biological disease control
       Genetical -- Gene-for-gene hypothesis, types of resistance
       Chemical control
       Cultural practices: crop rotation, disease escape, catch crops, hygiene