• American hawthorn rust

  Attacks only the leaves of apple and pear; affects the apple varieties McIntosh and Cortland in particular.

• Black peach aphid

  These smooth-looking, pear-shaped insects have long antennae and a pair of cornicles extending from the posterior end of the body.

• Gypsy moth

  The adult male is brownish and marked with blackish zigzag lines. The adult female is whitish with brown transverse zigzag stripes and does not fly. The masses of oval and yellow eggs are laid on the trunk of trees and covered with hair left by the female.

• Green Apple Aphid

  Green apple aphid nymphs and adults prefer to feed on the underside of leaves on growing shoot tips and stems.

• Codling moth

  The adult's forewings are striped with fine brown-gray lines and a distinctive bronze to brown-black oval spot at the tip. Eggs are laid on the leaves or fruit.

• Pear psylla

  Adults resemble very small cicadas and can be reddish brown or tan to light brown. Smaller, wingless nymphs are yellow with red eyes, flat and oval in shape, and develop within a clear honeydew drop.

• Brown marmorated stink bug

  Brown marmorated stink bug adults are shield-shaped, with mottled brown coloration on the upper and lower surface. They can be distinguished by lighter bands on antennae and they have darker bands on the membrane part of the front wings.

• Plum curculio

  The adult is mottled grayish black and brown. Its head is prolonged into a large but short snout that bears antennae. Each elytron has a series of humps with the 2nd and 3rd pairs separated by a clear transverse band.

• Apple union necrosis and decline

  AUND is due to an incompatibility at the graft union where a resistant scion is grafted onto a susceptible, but tolerant rootstock, most commonly MM.106.

• Gray mold

  Lesions usually start at the calyx or stem end of the fruit or at wound sites as small water-soaked areas. As lesions age, they enlarge, turning from grayish-brown to light brown, and eventually to a darker brown.

• Pear plant bug (Green apple bug)

  The adult pear plant bug is brownish yellow with two dark bands on the thorax and the extremities of its anterior wings are yellowish in color.

• Apple anthracnose

  Branch lesions first appear as small, circular spots that are purple or red when wet. As lesions enlarge, they become elliptical, sunken and turn orange to brown. A distinct margin develops between healthy and diseased tissue, which eventually causes the bark to crack around the infected area.

• Necrotic leaf blotch

  Medium to large, irregular necrotic lesions occur on the foliage of mature leaves during mid- to late summer. The remaining green tissue generally turns yellow shortly after the appearance of symptoms.

• Bitter rot

  Bitter rot appears on young fruit as small, circular brown lesions. Lesions expand rapidly and radially under wet and warm conditions. As they age, they turn darker brown and become sunken.

• Apple mosaic virus

  Young leaves develop pale to bright cream-colored spots, blotches, bandings or patterns as they expand in the spring. These turn brown and become necrotic as they age and premature defoliation may occur when infection is severe.

• Rose chafer

  The rose chafer is a light tan beetle with a darker brown head and long legs. It is about 12 mm long. There is one generation per year.

• American plum borer

  The adult is a light grayish brown moth with reddish brown forewings marked by wavy black and brown vertical bands about two-thirds the distance from the base.

• Bitter pit and cork spot

  Small, green to purplish to light brown, slightly sunken lesions appear on the surface of mature fruit. Individual lesions on the fruit surface are dry and do not extend deep into the fruit; however, cutting into the fruit can reveal numerous internal lesions.

• Blister spot

  Lesions begin as small, darkened, water-soaked areas, generally around lenticels and typically on the lower half of the apple.

• Apple sucker

  Adult resembles a miniature cicada, greenish yellow to yellow in color but sometimes containing reds or browns, with eyes pale green to reddish brown, and long slender antennae; wings are transparent and iridescent.