Cover crops as nitrogen source
Learn how cover crops can produce Nitrogen for your fields.
April 1, 2015 - Author: Christina Curell, Michigan State University Extension
Cover Crops can be used to produce Nitrogen. The following charts rates legumes as a nitrogen source and gives nitrogen production from common cover crop species.
The reasons why farmers use cover crops are as varied as the number of species that can be used as a cover crop. Traditionally cover crops were used for erosion control but in the past few years’ cover crops have been used for other purposes.
Nitrogen is necessary for all plant growth. Legumes have the ability to “fix” nitrogen from the air and store it in nodules in their roots. This nitrogen can be released or use by subsequent crops.
The following chart rates typical legume cover crops grown in Michigan for its nitrogen fixation tendencies. Do not confuse nitrogen scavenging for nitrogen fixing. These are different concepts that will be addressed and I will address them in a subsequent article.
|
Excellent |
Very Good |
Good |
Fair |
|
Berseem Clover |
Crimson Clover |
|
|
|
Cowpea |
Red Clover |
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|
Field Pea |
|
||
|
Hairy Vetch |
|
||
|
Sweet Clover |
|||
|
White Clover |
Chart information taken from Managing Cover Crops Profitably third edition, SARE Handbook Series 9.
There have been many research studies conducted to determine how much nitrogen cover crops produce. There are many factors that determine how much nitrogen can be credited to cover crop. For that reason a large range for nitrogen credit is given, see chart below. It is very important to take a good soil sample if you plan to use cover crops as a nitrogen source. It is also advisable to follow up with a plant tissue analysis to ensure that you have enough nitrogen for production.
|
Cover Crop |
Lb./A * |
|
Mustard |
30-120 |
|
Radish |
50-200 |
|
Rapeseed |
40-160 |
|
Berseem Clover |
75-220 |
|
Cowpea |
100-150 |
|
Crimson Clover |
70-130 |
|
Field Pea |
90-150 |
|
Hairy Vetch |
90-200 |
|
Red Clover |
70-150 |
|
Sweetclover |
90-170 |
|
White Clover |
80-200 |
* Total Nitrogen from the entire plant
Chart information taken from Managing Cover Crops Profitably third edition, SARE Handbook Series 9.
For more information or to help decide what cover crop will be best for your farm contact Michigan State University Extension educators Christina Curell, curellc@anr.msu.edu or Paul Gross, grossp@anr.msu.edu. More information can also be found at the Midwest Cover Council website.
