• Urban Heat Island Effect - Daytime vs. Nighttime: A diagram comparing the ways in which heat interacts with urban structures in the daytime versus the nighttime.

  • Atmospheric Deposition in Urban Ecosystems: Urban emissions can transfer to urban ecosystems in the form of dry, wet, or occult deposition.

  • Canopy Structure, Throughfall, and Interception

  • Connection to Urban Flood Risk Mitigation: Calculating interception by urban forest fragments allows us to determine what percent of rainfall they prevent from reaching the ground, thus reducing the risk of localized flooding.

  • Water Cycle in Natural and Urban Ecosystems: A diagram illustrating the effects of the water cycle in an ecosystem with urban structures versus one without.