Water Rights, Registration and Reporting Requirements and Tools to Help
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EmailMarch 7, 2025
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Landowners have the right to use water, but there are registration and reporting requirements for landowners with the capacity withdrawal greater than 70 gpm from groundwater or surface water. Learn about the tool available to help meet the requirements.
Speakers: Lyndon Kelley, MSU Extension Irrigation Educator and Jack Chappuies, Demo of Wellogg and MIWAT
The 2025 MI Ag Ideas to Grow With conference was held virtually, February 24 - March 7, 2024. This two-week program encompassed many aspects of the agricultural industry and offered a full array of educational sessions for farmers and homeowners interested in food production and other agricultural endeavors. More information can be found at: https://www.canr.msu.edu/miagideas/
Video Transcript
I Hello. Good morning. My name is Younsuk Dong. I'm an irrigation specialist at Michigan State University. Today, we are going to talk about the irrigation. This is MI Ag Ideas to Grow with Irrigation Day. We got about six presentations today from 9-3 o'clock. The first presentation is about the water rights registration and reporting requirements and tools to help. The speakers for first presentation is Lyndon Kelley, who is MSU and Purdue extension irrigation educator. He's been around with us for a long time and been working in irrigation over 30 close to 40 years. A speaker for this presentation, Jack Chappuies is the research assistant in irrigation lab here at Michigan State University. They're both going to talk about basically water policy and how to access some of the water withdrawal, the registration data. Lyndon the floor is yours. Great. Thank you. As Dr. Dong said, I work for both Purdue and Michigan State University. Most of what we're talking about today is from Michigan State, but I'll add in a couple of things that pertain to some of our adjacent states. A lot of the policy stuff is going the same direction in every state. That website at the top, the irrigation website has a lot of the tools and other things that we'll be talking about today available to people. So you got the team on your screen on the left hand side, I'm that second one down, the only one with gray hair, and but I also got 30 more 25 more years on most of them. So if we're irrigators, our goal is to supply the water that rainfall doesn't. By doing this, we're going to take out the drought effect or the limitations, if we do a good job that lack of water has. If we do that on very sandy ground that's well drained, what we do is greatly reduce the risk in agricultural farming, and that is highly valuable to contracted crops and specialty crops. We see a lot of dairy contract feeds, that kind of thing. But vegetables, seed corn, those types of things are all interested in this idea of supplying that water where the crop need in the red exceeds the use. -The team on your left are all people that are employed by MSU to help you achieve that goal along with being efficient. In other words, getting the most amount of crop per unit of water that's being applied. So there are some rules to using water, but in general, west of the Mississippi, you hear a lot about something called prior appropriation or first in use first in right. In those states, the water right was held separately, more like we would think about being able to sell your oil rights or your mineral rights. And there's a whole different system out there. East of the Mississippi, we've went off of old English law and it's basically a doctrine rather than a written law. So by doctrine, I mean, there's a number of court cases that have happened clear back to the turn of the well, actually 1900s in Michigan that we've interpreted what was right and that doctrine, that list of those decisions is what makes up those. But for most irrigators, what we're interested in is a couple of things. You have the right to use the water, both groundwater that you can access from your property, or surface water on the properties adjacent to the river. Riparian as in Latin for adjacent to the water or water flow. One of the things that we commonly get into is when we are watering properties that are not adjacent to the river that do not have direct contact, and that basically is illegitimate use of the riparian right. The other concept that is pretty important to irrigators is that that use of that water has to be for a beneficial use and irrigation is very definitely a beneficial use. But it also has to be at a level that it does not negatively impact the neighbors. So we can't draw down the lake to the point that the neighbors can't use the lake or actually reduce the flow of neighboring wells to the point that they cannot access their water. In Michigan, we actually moved our riparian use of water into a regulated riparian right when we started enacting laws that modified that right. We talked so we are actually a regulated riparian state. One of the good examples of those is our large capacity and conflict resolution law that exist in both Michigan and Indiana. These are where a large well, something greater than 70 gallons a minute, has an impact on a small well, usually a home well, but any less than 70 gallons a minute capacity. Basically, the large well is going to have to make the small well owner whole. In municipalities, they often do that by simply pumping city water to those homes that they dry up. In agriculture, that means that you probably are going to have to either modify the neighboring well that you're negatively affecting, maybe lower their point or lower the whole well so that it can compete against your irrigation or modify the use of your well to the point that it won't negatively impact the neighbors. And that's sort of just a sort of the cost of agriculture or cost of using the water is making those modifications to the neighbors to make sure they're whole. The next thing in this riparian concept is that Michigan was very interested, along with the other states, that we didn't lose our use of the freshwater to areas outside the basin. That's pretty important when you look at it because this Great Lake Basin is about 20% of the world's freshwater supply and about 84% of North America's freshwater supply is in that basin that we talk about as the Great Lakes Basin. Early in the discussion, there was a very tremendous interest in not having water leave the basin and that formed something that we call the Great Lakes Charter and each of the five states, two provinces that surround the Great Lakes have signed that charter and both federal governments acknowledged that if these states manage water, that they can say no to diversions. Indiana has a set of laws that have put that in place and they also have a few laws that they have enacted that regulates beyond their riperianism too, and the sheet here puts those forward to you. Ohio has a little bit of the same situation. Please look those up if you're in those situations. In Michigan, basically we came in and we said, if you were a really big water user, like 2 million gallons per day, on a 30 day average, then you have to get a permit, and that is a process that's going to require some hydrology work, and this is what most large businesses and municipalities go through. We don't see very many of those in agriculture because that would be 1,400 gallons per minute. On a 30 day average. We have a few irrigation wells and some frost protection systems that are in that 1,400 gallon range, but on a 30 day average, we don't meet that standard. Most of us fall into the next category below, and that's going to be registration and reporting. Part of that really important thing for todays discussion is that when you register, you need to be able to prove that you're not having an adverse resource impact. That's where the Michigan Water Withdrawal Assessment Tool, Michigan Water withdrawal Assessment tool comes in that we'll be talking about. Let's take care of the easy one first. You also have to report, and that's going on right now. Our deadline is coming up the end of March here due by April 1st. If you are using 70 gallons a minute or greater capacity or have the capacity to pump 70 gallons per minute, I see an error there on the page. Then you need to report. Make sure that if you're reporting, you're reporting on something that has been registered or reported before. Those are the things that are needed there. Otherwise, you're going to end up having a registration work that you need to catch up on too. Michigan has a system that's sent out. Most of you should have received a letter right around Christmas time or just after that goes through, actually gives you your login password that you used last time and points you to some details on how to switch your login that's there. In Michigan, the greatest challenge that I hear from producers is actually getting through the security of the Michigan login system that's there. Once you're in the program, you're going to update your monthly water use and any changes in the water sources that are there. Remember, if you're recording a use greater than 50 gallons of expansion, then you need to rerun the registration and get through that approval first. We do water use reporting on a couple of different ways. By far, acre inches is the most common. In June, if I'd made one application of three quarters of an inch on 142 acres, if I take those together and I come up with 106 acre inches of water. Very simple concept. If I'm irrigating 100 acres and I put on 4 ", I got 400 acre inches that I use during that month. By far, that's the most common. Few producers are putting hour meters on and you figure out the capacity of the pump times it by the number of hours that you pump and get that. We have a little interest in flow meters, but make sure that your flow meter actually is calibrated so that gives you good data and most of those flow meters need to be read at the beginning of each month to be able to give you the breakdown between the months. So then from there, we've got a reporting done. I'd be glad to help people with that, but probably more people are interested in the large volume of water use requirements that are out there and new this year coming up in the near future, you will have to go through the Michigan login system to get into the MiWWAT tool. So most of us are using these tools are doing the reporting also so that we're already in there. It's going to be the same login. But for a few of you that are doing this kind of work and haven't or maybe consulting and that type of thing, you're going to want to be able to get into to the My login to be able to get into the MiWWAT first. Once you're into the tool, and we'll show you a little more detail later, but basically you're going to find yourself within the system. They let you do that by address or GPS location, or you can simply keep blowing the map up and circulating around those. Remember that this tool is designed to look at how much impact your withdrawal is having on the rivers flow. We are based on a fish population. If you're depleting the river to the point or the stream to the point that the population of fish is changing, then you are negatively impacting that waterway. The tool is an estimate, a model that estimates your potential impact. Once you find yourself, if you take a look at the screen, I see it's a little hard to see, but the outside watershed boundary is in that red color, and that's all the water that would flow towards the river and the river or the stream or the drainage ditch that's the center of your watershed is going to be the blue line that's there, and then you're going to propose a well site. We'll talk a little bit about that. Remember that before you go into here, have an idea how much water you need. Basically for most of us doing overhead irrigation, for the actual crop. We think of a cornfield, I'm getting a crop off of every square foot out there, I'm going to need something like five gallons a minute to give me a quarter of an inch a day, which is about our removal. If I have 100 acre field, I'm going to be looking for about 500 gallons a minute. That's pretty important. You hit that little button on the right hand of my screen, it says, new withdrawal. When you hit that button, you take your mouse to and it puts that lime green dot where you're proposing the well. And then once you've done that, it's going to pull up and ask you what parameters you want to put in. In this case, I'm asking for 360 gallons a minute. I'm going to tell it that it is in groundwater, not a shallow pond, it's not connected to waters of the state and not a surface water stream, which are waters of the state. But in this case, groundwater, I'm going to pump that capacity at 300 gallons a minute. It drops in the location the GPS location from the dot that I put on. It also pops up the stats for the location, tells me that in this case, the average well depth is about 94 feet and it's almost all glacial. I'm going to be a glacial well that I'm proposing to put in. I put a little checkmark there. Then since this is a well, It's going to allow me to say how much I'm pumping. I'm going to pump May through September, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. I'm looking for the maximum amount of water that I can get out of that capacity that's there. And since I've already matched that to my crop need, that's the number I need to be able to have so that I have capacity even in a 2012 drought where you may have 20 or 30 days of no rain. Once I've done that, it's going to give me a result. Hopefully, you don't get this result, but this is the one we're working on because we're going to go into a little bit of what do you do when you get a negative result. In this case, we are at a D and we are not going to pass and it tells you very clearly that you're likely to cause an adverse resource impact. There's some other information up there tells me that it's a cool stream that we're up there. That means that correlates to a fish population that likes cool streams and we're protecting them by keeping that a cool stream, keeping the flow that's there. If you hit that View the report button there with the red arrow to it, it will pop up the right hand screen. Notice this is not a registration, it's simply basic information about your capacity that you've suggested and what they think the impact will be within the model. Notice this one is actually saying you're not failing because of the watershed you're in, you're failing because of a neighboring watershed and it gives me the number that that's a watershed 116-51-1650. And further down, it actually gives us a list, it's a little bit of a code there, but it's giving us that we're in that watershed 11650 and our impact is 37 about 38 gallons. Of impact to the stream, and that's more than that stream has left in it, like a big checking account. If we put my withdrawal in the way I suggested it, we're going to be overdrafting it. There's some things that we could do. We could go back and hit the rerun button on the left hand side, and it would reopen the screen and give us the opportunity to move the location. We could move the location further from the river that is being impacted, okay? So if that's an option to choose a different location for where I want to put that well, I could move it through. If we're dealing with surface water, this isn't going to have any type of impact for you. We could lower the well, deepen it. That's an option. We could reduce the pumping time that we have available, but remember we matched that to the needs originally, or we could look for some capacity that's not being used, and we're going to talk a little bit more about that as we go forward. Another way to do this is in the legend, if you go over and find watershed, there's a way to open up and get additional detail from the tool from the MiWWAT tool. If you highlight the word watershed, so my upper right hand side, you see where I highlighted watershed, it will put the tool into a more detailed mode and it will pull open and highlight in that lime yellow greenish color your watershed and it will pull open the data about your watershed. Here I've got the name of it, Peavine Creek, and it's watershed number, the estimated flow that they used within the tool, and the original lines, and the current lines, like what you originally had in your checking account and where your current balance is. Those are all things that are pretty important for us if we're going to talk about where we're going. Now, I don't want to be all negative about this. Some of the people from EGLE tell me that really about 80 75, 80% of the state, you can still get a withdrawal without having to go through any of this work. If you are lucky enough to get in that A or B zone, you will pop open a register now form and that register now form gives you the point to put in the property owner's contact information. Remember, this is the property owners. You can be filling it out for the property owners. That's the box in the upper right, but it's the property owner in the end that is responsible for this removal of water. If you do decide to go forward, even though they estimate that it's going to be a negative impact, then you hit the site specific review button. The site specific review button will open up basically a question form that's going to go to the state to ask them to review it. Notice you need to be the owner or the representative, but we need the owner's information here so that they can fill out that location. The comment box down there is very important because there's where you can submit your ideas of why this may be a legitimate use of the water at that location and that the tool may be able to allow that. We're going to talk about how to do some trading or look for some allocations that have been used and you may be able to report those in that location. How common is this? I said, well, people from EGLE tell me that it's probably not that common. It is for us working in irrigation because it's common in the most places that we are irrigating. We're running out of water. We've used this map for three years now, and I just talked to EGLE in enough depth and found out what we've been telling you probably was a little overestimated as far as impact. If you're in red, your checking accounts overdrawn, and there's no more that's going to be submitted without figuring things out. You're in orange, you're actually at a level that is below what we'd be using the tool for because remember, I'm only using this tool if I'm registering a withdrawal greater than 70 gallons a minute. Those orange ones have some challenges. But what we found out recently is that the state's always had this security like an overdraft system. The first time your watershed runs out of water, they only put in half of the available water and that gave the state the chance to review the account and make sure all the math was well. It was a good use of time and a good use of resources to do it this way because a lot of these watersheds have never been through their first half of the allocations. When they first run out of water, then they review those and put the second half in. Unfortunately, we do not have the detail to be able to go in to figure out these yellow and tan areas, which ones have been reviewed and which ones aren't. They may not be that close to the threshold, or they may be, all depends on whether they've ran out once and had that second half of the water applied. Um, there was an alternative site specific review voted through in 2018. We have not had success in any of those applications using that system to get more water. So that's you can usually work with a hydrologist to file one of those, but it has not been terribly successful to this point. Make sure you remember that this is all a model, a theoretical impact. Here's a diagram for the Prairie River. And if you look at the Prairie River, it's still increasing at about 2% per year in flow, even though it is one of the greatest expansions of irrigation over that time period. So we've had irrigation expanding at the bottom in the areas in Branch and St. Joe County. And if you look at the trend line, we still have an ever increasing amount of water in August in the driest month of the year in the river. There's a big difference between the theoretical model and reality or the scientific information for this stream. But we do have a law that requires the registration and it's based on that model that's there. I got a couple more things and then we're going to let Jack work on telling us a little more details. We were looking for 38 gallons, 37.9 gallons and here's some ideas. These are the ones that there's a note sheet on my desk that talks about what do you do if there's no more water left in your watershed. Formal procedure would be to identify all of the users within your watershed and form a water users group. A couple of those they actually tried to put together this winter and did not have tremendous success. But what I do see is that producers themselves getting together and talking about this and trying to figure out whether all the uses out there are necessary and whether they can work together. It actually goes better than you think if you get the right people together, so that working together. If you get in there, you're going to need to search for allocations that were either never constructed or underused. I sit down with people on a regular basis that are talking about putting in irrigation first time or expanding their irrigation use. And one of the first things I'll say is, go to the tool and make sure there's water available. And a lot of times people will go home or they'll sit down at the desk with me and we'll fill out that registration for that construction. And they have by within the law, 18 months to fill to put together that withdrawal, surface water withdrawal or construct the well. Some sometimes they do not actually use the registration, and the registrations have not been automatically cleared at the end of the 18 months. So if you can find one out there that was registered but never constructed, that's capacity in the system that you may be able to talk the landowner into approaching EGLE and letting you use that capacity. On the same merits, but a little bit easier in some ways, many of those first years that we had the tool, people put in pre July 2008 well registrations. In other words, they took older wells and put them in as they were newly constructed. The system had all kinds of capacity in it. It was a quicker system than figuring out how to do the, I'm going to say grandfathered, but how to actually get your well in the category as a pre or a historical 2008. That water, those uses prior to 2008. That's about two thirds of the irrigation systems that we have out there as far as withdrawals. Those are all in the historical system and not taken out of the MIWWAT tool. If you can find those that were existing prior to 2008, but have been incorrectly entered into the MIWWAT tool, that's capacity that could be made available by that landowner. And then last but not least, then we see this happening sometimes. If we have a lot of direct withdrawals from the river, if you take a look at those and you look at the ones that have the highest capacity, and Jack's going to help us talk about how to do that, you can identify the people that are pumping from the river in your area. Those withdrawals from the river are counted against it as 100%. 500 gallons a minute is 500 gallons of depletion from the river within the tool. Um, so they have a very high cost to your watershed. In some cases, producers have went together and put in wells to replace those direct withdrawals. And if you think about a direct withdrawal being 100%, a lot of times our wells are down around a third or a quarter, 500 gallons a minute, the impact may be somewhere around 150 gallons per minute. So what you're doing is freeing up capacity to propose putting in new wells, removing that surface water withdrawal. Last but not least, don't ignore this. There is fines out there and we have Michigan producers, at least one that has paid $30,000 of fines because they ignored this or went beyond the capacities that they were listing. So this is an important thing to do. Next up, I'm going to stop sharing and let Jack from Michigan Agricultural Biosystems Biosystems Ag Engineering talk to us about some tools that he can use to help you look at your watershed. Jack, you're going. Good morning. My name is Jack, like Lyndon had said, Biosystems Ag Engineering at Michigan State University. I'm here today to talk to you about the MIWWAT Water Withdrawal Assessment tool. Go over a little bit of how you can see the relevant data that is stored within the tool in an Excel sheet, as well as showing you what we can do on our end to visualize and interpret the data for educational purposes. Thank you, Lyndon, for explaining all of the aforementioned information, but I'm going to share my screen and show you what we got going for you today. So if you were to type in MIWWAT on Google online, the first link is going to bring you to the Water Withdrawal Assessment tool, and this will be the first image that you see. For our intents and purposes today, I'm going to show you how to access the data. The Access Data tab up here in white. That is what we're going to click on and you click Access Data and that is going to take you to a couple of links that we have. The new registered withdrawal information is the one we're concerned with right here at the bottom. And I'm going to show you how to open it, access it, and view it for your knowledge and to see whose wells are where and getting a better picture of what's going on within your county or region that you're concerned with. So what I recommend is you highlight this link at the very bottom, the new registered withdrawal information, the dot aspx file. You're just going to highlight it and CTRL and C and copy it, add it to your clipboard. So once you get that copy, we're going to go through the following steps. So you copy that link. We're going to fire up Excel, and then I'm going to show you how we do that here. I'm going to change my screen so you can see Microsoft Excel. So with that link that we have copied on your screen, you're going to go to the Developer tab. The developer tab on Excel is not a native tab. So if you want to add that, the quickest way I found is you just go to your search bar, type in the word ribbon. Or customize ribbon. Click on that, and then you will click on this customize ribbon and you'll see all these tabs here, and those tabs correspond to home, insert, what you're typically used to seeing on Excel and the developer tab is typically not clicked, so you're going to want to click that and hit Okay. For me, obviously it is already installed, viewable. The developer tab is here, and you're going to click Import and it's going to pull up all your files. I just want you to CTRL V right here on the filename and paste that Excel XML file link, that new registered withdrawal information link that we copied on the last on the website, you're just going to paste it right here in file names, hit open, run, and it will generate what you see in front of us here today, this Excel spreadsheet. This is going to go through all of the withdrawals data, literally the registered withdrawal information of the state of the entire database. So it has a lot of really cool information that you can use to educate yourself and other people about what is within your county or region. And we have ID, well ID, date, the county it is in. So we can filter, we can use different tools to filter. You say, we're in Allegan County and you want to see all the wells in Allegan County that are in MIWWAT. We can see that, we can see the capacity, we can see the latitude, longitude of the well here, and the purpose too, which is also pretty interesting to see what these wells are being used for. And basically where their sources as Lyndon had talked about earlier, we have groundwater, surface water. There's different types of places that we get our water from. So it's very important to know as far as what counts against that capacity he mentioned, as far as where the water is coming from. Then we also have well depth. That's going to be more important as far as seeing who has a deeper straw. If you're familiar with the way the wells work, the deeper straw is going to have a stronger pull from the aquifer below or the groundwater, and they will have essentially more control over the water usage. And we also have a lot of other information consumption, and I'll get into that in the next slide here, as well as what the aquifer is in. So if you remember going through the MIWWAT tool for registering your well, you have to click glacial bedrock, what type of the aquifer it is in. So we also have the data as well. And you can see who registered it actually too, interesting. Owner representative, it tells you the things you click on when you're registering your well, they do show up and they do matter and it is viewable. So going back, um, So that is how you access all the data in Excel. You can see it visually here. It is a bit messy sometimes when you go through all of it, you can filter it, but that is what is available to us as the public and everybody. And if I show you other things to take into consideration, um, back in my presentation here. We see that the things to keep in mind is that as Lyndon said, 2008 is when the system switched over. Everything that is historical data prior to 2008 is not going to be present in the system unless it was updated. There are things in there that are prior to 2008 that we don't have the best image of, and there might be opportunities for additional water withdrawals, as Lyndon had talked about. That is something to keep in mind. The data that I showed you and on the Excel is all post 2008. The source of the water, as I talked about, surface water, groundwater, capacity. So more often than not, it's going to be in gallons per minute. So it's a function of the withdrawal, and then consumption is just capacity over time. So it would be, you know, 500 gallons per minute over a function of time. So days, hours. Like that, the county it's in, latitude, longitude, like the literal location of your well, and then the purpose. There's more information available on this website called Well Logic and I know it has a vast amount of information and you can use the ID number that I showed you on the Excel sheet to look up actually more information about the well, see more documentation, and that is where additional information is available. And now, the final thing I would like to show you is the geospatial capabilities we have at Michigan State using some programs that we can visually represent this data. So it's a little easier on the eyes and easier on actually viewing where the wells are in proximity to yourself, as well as looking for future well sites that you would possibly want to use for irrigation or other purposes. So I'm going to show you a program we use here at Michigan State called ArcGIS. It's a geospatial tool that we use, and it is very useful at and taking information that's hard to process like an Excel sheet and displaying it geospatially. As you can see, this is a map of Michigan and these are all of the data points from the well. Quite literally, here's the Excel spreadsheet that we were just looking at. That latitude longitude corresponds and it has meaning it's directly corresponding to a point on the map. If we were just to take a random county, let's say Clare County, these are the wells that are within the MIWWAT literally the Excel sheet that we looked at and we can see it here. So this allows us to visually go in and see where the wells are within a specific area. So we can see that there are three wells here just as an example. And if you're in this watershed area that Lyndon had mentioned, and say this area is orange or a specific color that they can't withdraw. I want to place my well here on the screen. I want to know the wells in the area and say, I can't, and we want to do an investigation. You want to get a little more information about who's in the watershed, what type of withdrawals we have. This program allows us to see it visually and you can see the distances between these two wells, and it allows us to click on these wells and see more information about them. It's a 750 capacity well used for irrigation, surface water. It paints a better picture at what wells are in your area and I allows you to gather more information about your next steps with what you would like to do with your withdrawal or with the state or moving forward in your process to maybe getting more water or evaluating your choices. This is just a tool we can use to visually see all of the data. As you can see, more areas in Michigan are irrigated than others, obviously, and that corresponds mostly to the crop usage and land usage within those counties. So that is just a little bit of what we can do. We can look up information and help educate the shareholders and the public about what information is available to us. But that is pretty much all I have to say about what data we can pull from MIWWAT and show and help. Does anyone have any questions Lyndon, anything else you'd like to add? I see Jim Milne from EGLE wanted us to make sure that we help people understand the safety factor, the 50% safety factor, and that some of the listings in the Cs, not the D's, the D's are totally out of water, but the Cs may have a 50% that hasn't been applied yet. And all the information we have from this database, we don't know whether those have or have not had that 50% applied. So that's a challenge. But if you're in those red D zones, we know that those have had those applied. Then the other thing, Jack, we all work with irrigation, so we assume every big large water withdrawal is irrigation. But these are all of the wells that have been established that are large volume water use wells. So you get out of those areas where we don't irrigate more, they're more likely to be industrial or other withdrawals that went through the tool that were not irrigation related. So Jack, are you going to say anything about the well information available to the public? No. Okay. So if you take this GPS location for this individual wells, you can actually look up in a tool called Well Logic, and get the actual well log for those wells that are there. And the well log will have some additional detail on what they drilled through to put that well. And that is important information for your well driller. It's also important information for you because like the amount of clay that they had to drill through is an indication of some barriers that may be there. That are taken into account within the MIWWAT tool and you may be able to persuade additional water made available because your well is not affecting the stream because there's enough clay. The reason you know there's enough clay above you to create that impeable layer is you go through those adjacent wells that are already constructed and look at the number of feet of clay or impermeable material that's above that. That's just Google Well Logic in Michigan and put in your GPS location, staff from the irrigation team here at Michigan can help you learn how to use that tool also. Anything else you have to say, Jack? No. That's pretty much it. Okay. Thank you for your time. Yeah.