Studies On The Phylogenetic Relationships Of The Japanese Native Fowl Breeds 5. The Comparisons Among Native Fowl Breeds In Japan And Its Adjacent Areas And European And American Fowl Breeds
January 1, 1991 - TANABE Y; IIDA T; YOSHINO H; SHINJO A; MURAMATSU S
Print
EmailJournal or Book Title: Japanese Poultry Science
Volume/Issue: 28
Year Published: 1991
This work has been done to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among native fowl breeds in Japan and its adjacent areas and European and American exotic fowl breeds. Blood samples were taken from 1102 fowls belonging to 20 native fowl breeds in Japan and its adjacent areas consisting of 38 Onagadoris, 13 Shokokus, 23 Totenkoes, 12 Ohikis, 18 Uzuraos, 47 Tosajidoris, 97 Tsushimajidoris, 237 Gifujidoris, 32 Oshamos, 32 Koshamos, 93 Chabos, 116 Tomarus, 56 Minohikis, 14 Satsumadoris, 23 Koeyoshis, 11 Jitokkos, 56 Ukkokeis, 30 Iwatejidoris, 145 Chans in Okinawahonto in Ryukyu and 9 Chejudo native fowls in Chejudo in Korea. For the comparisom of the frequencies of the genes on the polymorphic loci, exotic fowl breeds or strains consisting of 758 Rhode Island Reds, 467 White Cornishes, 1477 White Leghorns and 490 White Plymouth Rocks were used. Polymorphisms are observed in 8 loci, such as plasma alkaline phosphatase (Akp), plasma alkaline phosphatase-2 (Akp-2), plasma esterase-1 (Es-1), plasma amylase-I (Amy-1), plasma transferrin (Tf), plasma albumin (Alb), plasma postalbumin A (Pas A) and erythrocyte catalase (Ct), whereas 10 loci such as plasma globulin-1 (Glb-1), plasma slow-.alpha.2 globulin (Slow-.alpha.2), erythrocyte malate dehydrogenase (MDH), erythrocyte glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), erythrocyte lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), erythrocyte lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B), erythrocyte tetrazorium oxydase (To), erythrocyte hemoglobin-I (Hb-I), erythrocyte hemoblobin-II (Hb-II) and erythrocyte hemoglobin-III (Hb-III) are monomorphic. Phylogenetic relationships of 20 native fowl breeds in Japan and its adjacent areas, and of 24 fowl breeds including the 4 exotic breeds were studied by using a dendrogram (Figs. 1, 4) with genetic distances among the breeds obtained by the Nei's equation (1975) and by adopting the unweighted pair group method (Sokel and Sneath, 1963), and by using scattered diagrams (Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6) drawn with the principal component analysis of variance-covariance matrix of gene frequencies at the 8 polymorphic loci. However, the scattered diagrams on 24 fowl breeds including exotic breeds, were drawn from the data at the 7 polymorphic loci except Pas A. Close relationships were observed among most of Japanese native fowl breeds in Honshu and Shikoku including Tosajidoris, Shokokus, Ohikis, Iwatejidoris, Chabos, Koshamos, Oshamos and Ukkokeis. However, Tomarus and Gifujidoris in Honshu, and Tsushimajidoris in Tsushima island and Chans in Okinawahonto were different from the other breeds. A close relationship was observed among Gifujidoris, White Leghorns and Rhode Island Reds. A close relationship was also observed among Chans, White Plymouth Rocks and White Cornishes. A closer relationship was observed between Onagadoris (Long Tailed Fowls) and Totenkoes, than between Onagadoris and Shokokus. It is suggested that Totenko may be a possible ancestor of Onagadori more than Shokoku.
Type of Publication: Article