Fruit Crop Pest Management: Commercial Applicators Guide Category 1C (E2891)
October 27, 2015 - Author: Becky Hines
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INTRODUCTION
How to Use This Manual
This manual contains the information needed to become a certified commercial applicator in Category 1C, Fruit Crop Pest Management. This manual is intended for use in combination with the Pesticide Applicator Core Training Manual (Extension bulletin E-2195), available through the Michigan State University Bulletin Office. However, this manual would also be useful to anyone interested in learning more about fruit pest management
Category 1C, Fruit Crop Pest Management, covers the management and control of common pests in tree fruit — including apples, cherries, peaches, pears, plums and nuts — and small fruit — including blueberries, grapes, raspberries and strawberries. The manual presents basic scientific information on pest life cycles and emphasizes protecting non-target organisms and preventing the development of resistance in pests.
The Category 1C certification exam is based on information found in this booklet. Each chapter begins with a set of learning objectives that help you focus on what you should understand from each chapter. The table of contents helps you identify important topics and understand how they relate to one another through the organization of headings and subheadings. As you prepare for the exam, read each chapter and answer the review questions. These questions are not on the certification exam but are provided to help you prepare for the exam. Questions on the exam will pertain directly to the learning objectives.
The appendices and glossary, including an answer key (Appendix A), at the end of this manual provide supplemental information that will help you understand the topics covered in the chapters. Terms throughout the manual text that are bold or italicized can also be found in the glossary.
This certification manual benefits the applicator and the general public. By learning how to handle pesticides correctly, applicators can protect themselves, others and the environment from pesticide misuse. For more specific information on how to become a certified applicator in Michigan, refer to the beginning of the core manual (E- 2195) or the Michigan Department of Agriculture’s Web site, , or call the MDA at 1-800-292-3939.
CHAPTER 1: INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Monitoring (Scouting)
Thresholds
Forecasting
Management Strategies
Cultural Practices
Biological Control
Mating Disruption
Chemical Control
Evaluation
Review Questions
CHAPTER 2: MINIMIZING PESTICIDE IMPACT
State and Federal Laws
Guidelines for Selecting and Using Pesticides
Protecting Our Groundwater
Protecting Non-target Organisms
Potential for Pesticide Resistance
Notifying Neighbors
Review Questions
CHAPTER 3: APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
Foliar Applications
Ground Applications
Parts of a Sprayer
Tanks
Agitators
Pumps
Strainers
Hoses
Pressure Regulators
Pressure Gauges
Nozzles
Operation and Maintenance of Sprayers
Before Spraying
During Spraying
After Spraying
Review Questions
CHAPTER 4: SPRAYING FRUIT
Background: Types of Orchard Pesticide Applications
Calculations for Dilute Applications
How much pesticide is needed for a dilute application?
Calculations for Concentrate Spraying
How much water is needed for a concentrate application?
How much pesticide is needed for a concentrate application?
Examples for Review
Spraying in Different Seasons and in Different Orchards
Sprayer Calibration
Variables That Determine Spray Rate
Review Questions
CHAPTER 5: INSECT MANAGEMENT
Growth and Development
Considerations for Pest Management
Tree Fruit
Apple Maggot
Borers
Cherry Fruit Flies
Codling Moth
Green Fruitworms
Mites
Obliquebanded Leafroller
Oriental Fruit Moth
Pear Psylla
Plum Curculio
Spotted Tentiform Leafminer
White Apple Leafhopper
Blueberries
Plum Curculio
Blueberry Maggot
Cranberry Fruitworm
Cherry Fruitworm
Japanese Beetle
Grapes
Climbing Cutworms
Grape Berry Moth
Grape Leafhopper
Raspberries
Aphids
Raspberry Cane Borer
Strawberries
Mites
Strawberry Clipper
Tarnished Plant Bug
Review Questions
CHAPTER 6: WEED MANAGEMENT
Life Cycles of Weeds
Common Weeds in Michigan
Integrated Weed Control
Cultural Control
Mechanical Control
Chemical Control
Evaluating the Results
Herbicide Issues
Herbicide Carryover and Injury
Herbicide Combinations
Herbicide Additives (Adjuvants)
Herbicide Compatibility Problems
Review Questions
CHAPTER 7: DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses
Disease Triangle
Disease Cycle
Disease Management
Diseases of Pome Fruit
Fire Blight of Apples and Pears
Diseases of Apples
Apple Scab
Powdery Mildew
Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck
Diseases of Pear
Pear Scab
Diseases of Stone Fruit
Brown Rot
Diseases of Cherry
Alternaria Fruit Rot
Bacterial Canker
Cherry Leaf Spot
Diseases of Peach
Bacterial Spot
Peach Leaf Curl
Diseases of Plum
Black Knot
Diseases of Blueberry
Anthracnose
Phomopsis Canker and Twig Blight
Shoestring Disease
Mummy Berry
Contents Diseases of Grape
Black Rot
Powdery Mildew
Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot
Diseases of Raspberry
Anthracnose
Botrytis Fruit Rot or Gray Mold
Orange Rust
Spur Blight
Diseases of Strawberry
Botrytis Fruit Rot or Gray Mold
Black Root Rot
Leather Rot
Review Questions
CHAPTER 8: NEMATODE MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Plant-parasitic Nematodes
Sampling Nematode Populations
Management of Plant-parasitic Nematodes
Nematodes of Importance in Fruit Production
Lesion Nematode
Dagger Nematode
Ring Nematode
Northern Root-knot Nematode
Review Questions
CHAPTER 9: VERTEBRATE MANAGEMENT
Birds
Voles
White-tailed Deer
Review Questions
APPENDIX A: ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
APPENDIX B: CONVERSION TABLES
APPENDIX C: SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY
APPENDIX E: COLOR PICTURES