Botrytis control tips for greenhouse ornamentals
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EmailCool, overcast weather prompts Botrytis outbreaks.
This spring’s overcast and cool weather has favored the fungus Botrytis cinerea, which causes a gray mold on many greenhouse ornamentals. Recognizing the problem isn’t difficult. Common disease symptoms include leaf spots and blight and stem cankers (Figure 1). Botrytis’ calling card includes the large masses of gray conidia or spores that are produced. It is this gray conidial fuzz that gives this disease the name “gray mold.” An infection that started as a small leaf spot that’s barely noticeable can quickly expand into a large area. Flower petals that drop on the leaves serve as a food base for Botrytis, allowing the pathogen to easily infect leaves. Water and high relative humidity are the key drivers for Botrytis.
- Minimize Botrytis by watering in the morning so that the foliage can dry rapidly.
- Scout by looking for the brown/gray fuzziness on lower leaves that signal the need for disease control.
- Remove dead plant tissue from greenhouse benches.
While there are strategies to prevent the ramp up of this disease, many growers are now having to triage to prevent further losses. Fungicides can limit losses but good coverage is needed and short intervals between applications may be required to slow the disease. When fungicides use a similar mode of action against Botrytis, they will have the same FRAC code. The FRAC code can be found on the fungicide label. To ensure that the Botrytis pathogen does not become resistant to fungicides, use a spray program that includes several types of fungicides that have different FRAC codes.
The “A” and “B” Team table shows the results of many years of testing fungicide products and lists the product name, FRAC code and active ingredient. The products listed in the A Team are especially effective against Botrytis. The B Team products also limit disease, but may not be as effective as the A Team products and are recommended for use when disease pressure is not severe and for use in alternating programs. Always alternate among fungicide products with active ingredients that have different modes of action (FRAC codes) to delay the development of fungicide resistance in the Botrytis pathogen.
When disease pressure is high, consider tank-mixes and a shortened time between applications. Here is an example of a program that could be used to turn back an outbreak:
- Make applications at 5-day intervals:
- Spray #1: Broadform SC
- Spray #2: Decree 50DF + Daconil Weatherstik SC, or Palladium
- Spray #3: Affirm WDG or Astun SC
|
Botrytis A+ Team |
||
|
Product |
FRAC** |
Active ingredient |
|
Broadform SC |
11/7 |
trifloxystrobin/fluopyram |
|
Botrytis A Team |
||
|
Product |
FRAC** |
Active ingredient |
|
Affirm WDG |
19 |
polyoxin D zinc salt |
|
Daconil Weatherstik SC |
M5 |
chlorothalonil |
|
Decree 50DF |
17 |
fenhexamid |
|
Orkestra SC |
11/7 |
pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad |
|
Mural |
11/7 |
azoxystrobin/benzofindiflupyr |
|
Astun SC |
7 |
isofetamid |
|
Palladium WDG* |
9/12 |
cyprodinil/fludioxonil |
|
Medallion/Spirato* |
12 |
fludioxonil |
|
Botrytis B Team** |
||
|
Product |
FRAC** |
Active ingredient |
|
Pageant Intrinsic |
11/7 |
pyraclostrobin/boscalid |
|
Chipco 26019 |
2 |
iprodione |
*Do not apply fungicides that include the active ingredient fludioxonil to geraniums.
**Not recommended when disease pressure is high.
***The FRAC code is an alphanumeric code assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee and is based on the mode of action of the active ingredient.
Acknowledgement. This research was supported by funding from the Floriculture Nursery and Research Initiative of the Agricultural Research Service under Agreement #58-8062-5-036 and by the American Floral Endowment.
